Spinning Religiously: A Study on the Predictive Power of Religiosity on Bahamian Online Gamblers’ Motivation and Intensity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v26i0.335Keywords:
Media, Gambling - Moral and ethical aspects, Religious aspects, Wealth, Risk,Abstract
A survey of Bahamians explored the influence of the participant’s self-reported levels of religiosity on gambling behaviour. The study also investigated Bahamians’ motivations to participate in online games of chance. Results showed that religiosity was a significant predictor of motivations to not only attend these online games of chance but also the level in which these games were attended. The results are analysed in light of the uses and gratification paradigm while expanding the research into the connection of religiosity and gambling.References
Abbott, M. W., & Volberg, R. A. (2000). Taking the pulse on gambling and problem gambling in New Zealand: Phase One of the 1999 National Prevalence Survey. New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. http://www.dia.govt.nz/pubforms.nsf/URL/TakingthePulse.pdf/$file/TakingthePulse.pdf
Back, K. J., Lee, C. K., & Stinchfield, R. (2011). Gambling motivation and passion: A comparison study of recreational and pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(3), 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9212-2
Bahamas Department of Statistics. (2017, May). Labour force and household income survey. https://www.bahamas.gov.bs/wps/wcm/connect/f6787e9b-f3d2-45e6-b300-6f65ab444bf6/Labour+Force+Report+May_2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
Beyerlein, K., & Sallaz, J. J. (2017). Faith's wager: How religion deters gambling. Social Science Research, 62, 204-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.07.007
Binde, P. (2007). Gambling and religion: Histories of concord and conflict. Journal of Gambling Issues, 20, 145-165. http://jgi.camh.net/jgi/index.php/jgi/article/view/3769
Blumler, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies. Communication Research, 6(9), 9-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027900600102
Blumler, J. G. (2019). Uses and gratifications research. The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118841570.iejs0032
Browne, M., Hing, N., Rockloff, M., Russell, A. M., Greer, N., Nicoll, F., & Smith, G. (2019). A multivariate evaluation of 25 proximal and distal risk-factors for gambling-related harm. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(4), 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8040509
Central Intelligence Agency. (2016). The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html
Chantal, Y., Vallerand, R. J., & Vallières, E. F. (1995). Motivation and gambling involvement. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(6), 755-763. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9713978
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Deleuze, J., Long, J., Liu, T. Q., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2018). Passion or addiction? Correlates of healthy versus problematic use of videogames in a sample of French-speaking regular players. Addictive Behaviors, 82, 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.031
Duffy, M. E., & Thorson, E. (2009). Emerging trends in the new media landscape. In J. Parker & E. Thorson (Eds.), Health communication in the new media landscape (pp. 93-116). Springer.
Ellison, C. G., & McFarland, M. J. (2011). Religion and gambling among US adults: Exploring the role of traditions, beliefs, practices, and networks. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01553.x
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
Fam, K. S., Waller, D. S., & Erdogan, B. Z. (2004). The influence of religion on attitudes towards the advertising of controversial products. European Journal of Marketing, 38(5/6), 537-555. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410529204
Flack, M., & Stevens, M. (2019). Gambling motivation: Comparisons across gender and preferred activity. International Gambling Studies, 19(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2018.1505936
Frijda, N. H., Mesquita, B., Sonnemans, J., & Van Goozen, S. (1991). The duration of affective phenomena or emotions, sentiments, and passions. In K. T. Strongman (Ed.), International review of studies on emotion (pp. 187-225). Wiley.
Gaming Board for The Bahamas. (2020). About us. https://www.gamingboardbahamas.com/about-us.html
Hoffmann, J. P. (2000). Religion and problem gambling in the US. Review of Religious Research, 41(4), 488-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9532-3
Hoge, R. (1972). A validated intrinsic religious motivation scale. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 369-376. https://doi.org/10.2307/1384677
Kim, H. S., Shifrin, A., Sztainert, T., & Wohl, M. J. (2018). Placing your faith on the betting floor: Religiosity predicts disordered gambling via gambling fallacies. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.23
Krcmar, M. (2017). Uses and gratifications: Basic concepts. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0045
Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., & Neter, J. (2004). Applied linear regression models. McGraw-Hill.
Lalande, D., Vallerand, R. J., Lafrenière, M. A. K., Verner‐Filion, J., Laurent, F. A., Forest, J., & Paquet, Y. (2017). Obsessive passion: A compensatory response to unsatisfied needs. Journal of Personality, 85(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12229
Lam, D. (2006). The influence of religiosity on gambling participation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 22(3), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-006-9018-4
Lee, C. K., Lee, Y. K., Bernhard, B. J., & Yoon, Y. S. (2006). Segmenting casino gamblers by motivation: A cluster analysis of Korean gamblers. Tourism Management, 27(5), 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman2005.05.009
Marmurek, H. H. (2018). A dissociation of impulsivity and gambling cognition pathways to gambling urges via motivation. Journal of Addiction and Clinical Research, 2(1). https://www.pulsus.com/scholarly-articles/a-dissociation-of-impulsivity-and-gambling-cognition-pathways-togambling-urges-via-motivation.pdf
Mathieu, S., Barrault, S., Brunault, P., & Varescon, I. (2018). Gambling motives: Do they explain cognitive distortions in male poker gamblers? Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(1), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9700-8
McGrath, D. S., & Thege, B. K. (2018). The categorical stability of gambling motives among community-recruited gamblers: A longitudinal assessment. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9687-1
Mutti-Packer, S., Hodgins, D. C., Williams, R. J., & Thege, B. K. (2017). The protective role of religiosity against problem gambling: Findings from a five-year prospective study. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1518-5
Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M., & Larimer, M. E. (2002). Exploring college student gambling motivation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(4), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021065116500
Nower, L., & Blaszczynski, A. (2010). Gambling motivations, money-limiting strategies, and precommitment preferences of problem versus non-problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(3), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9170-8
Park, M. K., Yang, X., Lee, B. K., Jang, H. C., & Stokowski, P. A. (2002). Segmenting casino gamblers by involvement profiles: A Colorado example. Tourism Management, 23(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.009
Pearce, L., & Denton, M. L. (2011). A faith of their own: Stability and change in the religiosity of America's adolescents. Oxford University Press.
Pyfrom, K. (2014, March 17). Christian Council disappointed in gaming decision. The Bahama Journal. https://jonesbahamas.com/christian-council-disappointed-in-gaming-decision
Rubin, A. M. (2009). Uses and gratifications. In R. L. Nabi & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), The Sage handbook of media processes and effects (pp. 149-159). Sage.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Saunders, C., Alhabash, S., & Frisby, C. M. (2015). “What are you talking about?”: Differences in Twitter uses and gratification between Black and White Twitter users. In C. M. Frisby (Ed.), How you see me, how you don't: Essays on stereotypes and representation of media and its effects on minorities, women, and adolescents (pp. 227-260). Tate Publishing and Enterprises.
Schenkel, M. T., Farmer, S., & Maslyn, J. M. (2019). Process improvement in SMEs: The impact of harmonious passion for entrepreneurship, employee creative self-efficacy, and time spent innovating. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 29(1), 64-77. https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/jsbs/article/view/1153/959
Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001). What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 325. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.325
Thompson, T. (2014, September 29). ‘Rebuke’ for government for pastors. The Tribune. http://www.tribune242.com/news/2014/sep/29/rebuke-government-pastors/
Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., Gagné, M., & Marsolais, J. (2003). Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.756
